Study links GLP-1 weight-loss drugs to small increase in hair loss risk

People taking GLP-1 medicines for obesity and type 2 diabetes, including semaglutide and tirzepatide, may have a higher risk of developing hair loss than those taking some other diabetes medications, according to new research.

The study, published in The BMJ, analysed electronic health records from approximately 50,000 adults with type 2 diabetes. Researchers found that people taking GLP-1 receptor agonists had a 37% higher risk of hair loss compared with those taking SGLT-2 inhibitors and a 68% higher risk compared with those taking DPP-4 inhibitors.

Despite the increased relative risk, researchers stressed that hair loss remained uncommon, occurring in an estimated three to nine cases per 1,000 people each year. Most cases involved non-scarring alopecia, meaning the hair follicles remain intact and hair may regrow over time.

The researchers said the exact cause is not yet clear. Rapid weight loss, reduced calorie intake, hormonal changes and direct effects on hair follicles have all been proposed as possible explanations. They emphasised that further research is needed to determine whether the medicines themselves contribute to the risk or whether the hair loss is primarily related to the physiological effects of weight loss.

The findings highlight the importance of discussing potential side effects with patients while balancing them against the well-established benefits of GLP-1 medicines for managing obesity and type 2 diabetes. Researchers said the overall risk remains low and should be considered alongside the significant health improvements these treatments can provide.

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